EdoardoVilla

As a young artist, he completed a number of public commissions for reliefs in his home town. Villa was about to continue his art studies in Milan when he was called up for two years of military service. He asked to be stationed in Rome, which gave him the opportunity to view the numerous public sculptures on display throughout the city (Von Maltitz and Nel, 2005).

With the outbreak of the Second World War, Villa was conscripted into the Italian army under Mussolini and was wounded in the North African campaign. He was captured by English forces and hospitalised in Egypt before being sent to South Africa as a prisoner-of-war. Together with 70,000 Italians, he was held at the Zonderwater camp in the Transvaal from 1942.

During the four years in the POW camp Villa was able to start sculpting again (Berman, 2005). An art studio and a number of cultural activities for the young prisoners were set up in the camp, and the years spent there were an active period of re-connecting with his craft. He studied the work of Auguste Rodin, working mainly in plaster of Paris. The difficult conditions of the war years were reflected in his work, described by Von Maltitz and Nel (2005) as “emotional” and descriptive in style. Esmé Berman (2005) notes that, “Rodinesque realism characterised the first phase of Edoardo Villa’s South African career.”

Unlike most of his fellow prisoners, Villa decided to stay in South Africa on his release in 1947, settling in Johannesburg. He went on to become the foremost abstract sculptor in South Africa - rejecting traditional European art practices and mimetic sculpture that defined the South African scene in the 1950s. Villa started to explore an ‘African’ character in his work, bringing in elements of the highveld landscape; its plant forms, brilliant sun, dramatic shadows and rock formations - manifested in sharp contours and intersecting flat and curved planes (Berman, 2005). In the early 1950s, Villa’s friend Douglas Portway recommended he experiment with constructing sculptures by welding pieces of metal together – after Picasso and Gonzales had begun working in this medium. At the start of the 1950s, Villa toured Italy with fellow Italian-born artist Giuseppe Cattaneo. In South Africa, he started a new trend that he would continue throughout his career, holding open-air exhibitions in Joubert Park, in Johannesburg (Von Maltitz and Nel, 2005).

Villa’s use of Cubist and Constructivist techniques and his creative use of steel, exploring the possibilities of bent and welded metal, characterised his “break with descriptive conventions” (Berman, 2005). In line with Cubism, he became interested in traditional African sculpture, and a “new formal language” that appreciated the geometric forms in much African sculpture (Maurice and Dodd, 2009). During the 1960’s, Villa’s work engaged in a “dialogue between constructed steel and sculpture modeled for casting” (Von Maltitz and Nel, 2005:48).

Villa was passionately dedicated to the creation of an African identity in his work – an aim which was initiated and further explored through his friendship with two collectors of modern and African art, Egon Guenther and Vittorini Meneghelli. He became a member of the Amadlozi group, along with Cecil Skotnes, Sydney Kumalo, Giuseppe Cattaneo and Cecily Sash. In 1963, Egon Guenther organised an exhibition for the Amadlozi group around different cities in Italy, showing their work in Rome, Venice, Milan and Florence.

Close to seven decades of Villa’s career has seen his work undergo remarkable stylistic transformations. Figurative, descriptive heads, busts and reliefs gave way to the stylized abstraction of modernist shapes inspired by the African landscape, and finally to the colourful works of structural abstraction which typify the latter part of his oeuvre. During the 1980’s, Villa completed a large number of public commissions, in Cape Town, Port Elizabeth, Durban and Johannesburg, experimenting with different sculptural forms and techniques. His largest exhibition, ‘Villa at 80’, was held in Johannesburg in 1995, with nearly 300 works on display. Following the successful exhibition, articles were frequently published on Villa’s work, in both South Africa and Italy, emphasising Villa’s impact on the development of South African art.

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